Modeling Megacity Medical System Response to a CBRNE Event
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Abstract
The collaborative effectiveness of the public health system (PHS) and the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) is limited in the case of a 10-kiloton (kt) nuclear event on a megacity due to an overall lack of knowledge and understanding among agencies. This study details an exhaustive analysis of the current medical response system using New York City as a case study. Through the problem definition phase of the Systems Decision Process (SDP), this report identifies operational gaps existing at different levels within the system. Identified operational gaps existed at the local, state, and federal levels in the areas of resources, communication, and planning within the following agencies: Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital, the Office of Emergency Management (OEM), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Health and Human Services (HHS), and the United States Department of Veteran Affairs (VA). Evaluation of the operational gaps illustrated the areas which were most vulnerable. The current analysis suggests that the system in place requires adjustments of the identified gaps so that maximum efficiency can be achieved.
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November 12, 2016
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References
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Bupose, C. F., Burton, J., & Smoak, E. (2015). CBRNE Task Force. CML Army Chemical Review.
Campbell, C. C. (1991). Food Insecurity: A Nutritional Outcome or a Predictor Variable? The Journal of Nutrition, 408-415.
Cargill. (2016). Good Security: Soultions and Responses. Retrieved from Cargill: http://www.cargill.com/corporate-responsibility/food-security/solutions-responses/index.jsp
Caves, J. P., & Carus, W. S. (2014). The Future of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Their Nature and Role in 2030. Washington, D.C.: National Defense Univeristy Presss.
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Command, J. F. (2007). Joint Operating Environment: Trends and Challenges for the Future Joint Foce Through 2030. Norfolk: Joint Forces Command.
Company, M. a. (2002). FDNY McKinsey Report - Increasing FDNY's Preparedness. Retrieved March 15, 2016, from NYC.gov: http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/mck_report/toc.html
Cordesman, A. H. (2001). Radiological Weapons as Means of Attack. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
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GlobeScan, & Hazel, M. M. (2007). Megacity Challenges: A Stakeholder Perspective. Munich: Siemens.
Haering, S. A., & Syed, S. B. (2009). Community Food Security in the United States Cities: A Survey of the Relevant Scientific Literature. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future.
Harris, M., Dixon, R., Melin, N., Hendrex, D., Russo, R., & Bailey, M. (2014). Megacities and the United States Army: Preparing for a Complex and Uncertain Future. Washington, DC: Chief of Staff of the Army.
Heffelfinger, D. G., Tuckett, C. M., & Ryan, J. R. (2013). The Military's Response to Domestic CBRNE Incidents. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 57-75.
Historical Department, C. (2007, April 23). Terrorist CBRN: Materials and Effects. Retrieved from Central Intelligence: https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/terrorist_cbrn/terrorist_CBRN.htm
Jindal, A., & Roy, K. (2014). Bio-threat Preparedness: Need for a Paradigm Shift. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 170-174.
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. (2016, May 10). Food Distribution and Transport. Retrieved from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/teaching-the-food-system/curriculum/distribution_and_transport.html
Kelley, M. (2012). Terrorism and the Growing Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Al-Shabaab. Charles Town: American Military University.
Kelly, C. (1995). Assessing Disaster Needs in Megacities: Perspectives from Developing Countries. GeoJournal, 381-385.
Khan, O. A., & Pappas, G. (2011). Megacities and Global Health. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.
Kollek, D., Welsford, M., & Wanger, K. (2009). Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear preparedness training for emergency medical services providers. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 337-342. Retrieved from Center for Excellence in Emergency Prepardness: http://www.ceep.ca/publications/emscbrn.pdf
Kraas, F. (2007). Megacities and Global Change: Key Priorities. The Geographic Journal, 79-82.
Krieger, K., Amlot, R., & Rogers, M. (2014). Understanding Public Responses to Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Incidents - Driving Factors, Emerging Themes and Research Gaps. Environmental International, 66-74.
Lorrain, D. (2014). Governing Megacities in Emerging Countries. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company.
McDonald, B. L. (2010). Food Security. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Murray, M. J. (2013). Emergency Preparedness for and Disaster Management of Casualties from Natural Disasters and Chemical, Biologic, Radiologic, Nuclear and High-Yield Explosive (CBRNE) Events. In N. T. Dernoski, Clincial Anesthesia (p. 895). Philidelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
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Obono, O. (2007). A Lagos Thing: Rules and Realities in the Nigerian Megacity. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 31-37.
Parker, D., & Tasell, S. (1995, November ). Hazard Transformation and Harzard Management Issues in the London Megacity. Geo-Journal, pp. 313-328.
Parnell, G. S., Driscoll, P. J., & Henderson, D. L. (2010). Decision Making in Systems Engineering and Management. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Porter, J., Dyball, R., Dumaresq, D., Deutsch, L., & Matsuda, H. (2014). Feeding Capitals: Urban Food Security and Self-provisioning in Canberra, Copenhagen and Tokyo. Global Food Security, 1-7.
Reichart, J. F., & Caves, J. P. (2014). The Future of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Their Nature and Role in 2030. Washington, D.C.: National Defense Univeristy Press.
Rosner, D., & Markowitz, G. (2006). Are We Ready? - Public Health Since 9/11. Oakland: The University of California Press.
Rossenfled, C. (2015). The Energy from a Nucelar Weapon. Retrieved from Atomic Archive: http://www.atomicarchive.com/Effects/
Sandstrom, B. E., Erksson, H., Norlander, L., Thorstensson, M., & Cassel, G. (2014). Training of Public Health Personnel in Handling CBRN Emergencies: A Table-Top Exercise Card Concept. Environmental International, 164-169.
Smith, L. A., El Obeid, A. E., & Jensen, H. H. (2000). The Geography and Causes of Food Insecurity in Developing Countries. Agricultural Economics, 199-215.
Tree, T. (2014, April). Food Insecurity and Unrest in the Arab Spring. Retrieved from E-International Relations Students: http://www.e-ir.info/2014/09/07/food-insecurity-and-unrest-in-the-arab-spring/
United States Congress House Committee on the Budget. (1990). Hearing: Hospitals in Crisis: Financial Impact of AIDS on New York City's Hospitals . In U. Congress, Hearing: Hospitals in Crisis: Financial Impact of AIDS on New York City's Hospitals (p. 88). Washington, D.C.: US Government Publishing Office.
Wallerstein, A. (2016, May 21). New York City 10kT Event. Retrieved from NUKEMAP: http://nuclearsecrecy.com/nukemap/
Watts, J. (1999). Tokyo Terrorist Attack: Effects Still Felt 4 Years On. The Lancet, 569.
World Bank Group Team. (2009). Framework Document for a Global Agriculture and Food Security Program: Substainable Development Network. Retrieved from GAFSP - The Global Agriculture and Food Security Program: http://www.gafspfund.org/sites/gafspfund.org/files/Documents/GAFSP%20Framework%20Document%20FINAL%20%28external%29.pdf
Yeskey, M. K. (2010, July 22). The Key Role of NDMS in Disaster Response. (C. o. Affairs, Interviewer)
How to Cite
Modeling Megacity Medical System Response to a CBRNE Event. (2016). Industrial and Systems Engineering Review, 4(2), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.37266/ISER.2016v4i2.pp131-148
How to Cite
Modeling Megacity Medical System Response to a CBRNE Event. (2016). Industrial and Systems Engineering Review, 4(2), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.37266/ISER.2016v4i2.pp131-148
